Can I qualify for disability if I’m self-employed?
By Hogan Smith
Updated 04/17/2025
Yes, self-employed individuals can qualify for disability benefits—but the process and evaluation are a bit different compared to traditional employees. If you're self-employed and can no longer work due to a disabling condition, you may still be eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI), depending on your work history and income level.
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Understanding Self-Employment and SSDI
To qualify for SSDI as a self-employed person, you must meet the same basic eligibility requirements as any other applicant:
- Have a disabling medical condition that prevents you from working.
- Be unable to engage in substantial gainful activity (SGA).
- Have enough work credits based on your prior earnings and contributions to Social Security through self-employment taxes.
Work Credits for the Self-Employed
As a self-employed person, you pay Self-Employment Contributions Act (SECA) taxes, which fund Social Security and Medicare. As long as you've reported your income correctly and paid these taxes, you can earn work credits just like any other worker.
- In 2024, you earn one credit for every $1,730 in net earnings, up to four credits per year.
- Most adults need 20 to 40 work credits to qualify for SSDI, depending on their age.
How the SSA Evaluates Self-Employment
The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses three tests to determine if your self-employment qualifies as substantial gainful activity:
- Significant Services and Substantial Income Test
If your business relies heavily on your services and generates income, the SSA may consider you not disabled. - Comparison Test
The SSA compares the time you spend working in your business to what non-disabled individuals in similar roles typically do. - Worth of Work Test
The SSA evaluates whether the value of your work to your business is worth more than the SGA threshold, even if you don’t take a salary.
If your business still runs but you're no longer able to perform critical functions, that will strengthen your case.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for the Self-Employed
SSI is based on financial need, not work credits. If your income and assets fall below the SSA’s thresholds, you may qualify for SSI, even if your self-employment earnings have been minimal or inconsistent.
Tips for a Successful Disability Claim If You’re Self-Employed
- Maintain detailed financial records of your business income and expenses.
- Show evidence of reduced work activity due to your disability.
- Submit comprehensive medical documentation to prove your condition prevents you from working.
- Track your work hours and tasks to demonstrate the limitations your condition imposes.
How Hogan Smith Can Help You
At Hogan Smith, we specialize in helping self-employed individuals navigate the complex Social Security system. We’ll assist with:
- Determining if your self-employment history qualifies you for SSDI
- Reviewing your work credits and SECA tax contributions
- Organizing financial and medical evidence to strengthen your case
- Representing you during appeals or hearings if needed
Contact Hogan Smith Today
If you’re self-employed and wondering whether you qualify for disability, reach out to
Hogan Smith for a
free consultation. We’re here to help you understand your options and fight for the benefits you deserve.
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