The SSA’s Definition of Disability

Unlike other programs, Social Security only pays for total disability, not partial or short-term disabilities. To qualify, you must meet the following conditions:

• You cannot do work that you did before.
• You cannot adjust to other work because of your medical condition.
• Your disability has lasted or is expected to last for at least one year or result in death.

Understanding this definition is essential because the SSA applies it consistently when reviewing applications.

The Five-Step Sequential Evaluation Process

The SSA uses a standardized five-step process to determine if you are disabled:

• Are You Working?
  If you are working and earning above the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) limit, the SSA will likely conclude you are not disabled.
• Is Your Condition Severe?
  Your condition must significantly limit your ability to do basic work activities such as walking, sitting, lifting, or remembering.
• Does Your Condition Meet or Equal a Listed Impairment?
  The SSA maintains a "Listing of Impairments" that outlines conditions severe enough to prevent gainful activity. If your condition meets or equals the criteria, you’re considered disabled.
• Can You Perform Past Work?
  If your impairment prevents you from doing work you’ve done in the past 15 years, the SSA moves to the next step.
• Can You Adjust to Other Work?
  The SSA will evaluate your age, education, past work experience, and transferable skills to determine if you can perform other work.

Key Factors the SSA Considers

To decide if you’re disabled, the SSA looks at several critical pieces of evidence:

• Medical Evidence: Comprehensive medical records, treatment history, and doctors' opinions.
• Residual Functional Capacity (RFC): An assessment of your ability to perform work activities despite your limitations.
• Work History: Details about your previous jobs, responsibilities, and physical/mental demands.
• Expert Testimony: In some cases, vocational and medical experts may provide testimony about your ability to work.

The Importance of Medical Documentation

Your medical records play a central role in your disability determination. Be sure to:

• Visit Your Healthcare Providers Regularly: Ongoing treatment creates a consistent medical record.
• Get Detailed Statements from Doctors: Statements that explain how your condition limits your daily activities and work capacity can strengthen your claim.
• Include Specialists’ Opinions: Input from specialists can add weight to your case, especially if they treat your primary disabling condition.

Stay Organized and Follow Up

Staying organized throughout the application process is vital. Make copies of all documents, follow up promptly with any SSA requests, and track the progress of your claim online through your my Social Security account.

Be Prepared for an Appeal

If your application is denied, don’t give up. Many disability claims are initially denied, but you have the right to appeal:

• Reconsideration: Ask for a complete review of your case.
• Hearing by an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ): If your reconsideration is denied, request a hearing where you can present new evidence.
• Appeals Council Review or Federal Court: Further appeal options exist if you are denied again.

Consider Professional Help

While you can handle the process independently, understanding the complexities of Social Security’s disability determination can be challenging. Seeking help from professionals can significantly improve your chances of success.