What Is the Definition of Disability for SSI?

To qualify for SSI based on disability, you must have a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that:

• Has lasted or is expected to last at least 12 months, or is expected to result in death
• Prevents you from performing any substantial gainful activity (SGA), including your past work or any other job

Unlike Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), SSI doesn’t require a work history, but the disability standard is the same.

Types of Disabilities That Qualify for SSI

The SSA maintains a list of qualifying conditions called the Listing of Impairments (also known as the "Blue Book"). Conditions listed in the Blue Book are categorized under major body systems, including:

• Musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., severe back injuries, joint dysfunction)
• Cardiovascular disorders (e.g., chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease)
• Respiratory disorders (e.g., COPD, asthma)
• Neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease)
• Mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, autism)
• Immune system disorders (e.g., lupus, HIV/AIDS)
• Cancer (certain forms at advanced stages)

Even if your condition isn’t listed, you may still qualify if your symptoms are severe enough to prevent you from working and meet the SSA’s disability criteria.

How the SSA Evaluates Disability for SSI

The SSA follows a five-step process to determine whether your condition qualifies:

1. Are you working?
   If you're earning more than the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) limit ($1,550/month in 2024 for non-blind individuals), you generally won’t qualify.
2. Is your condition severe?
   Your condition must significantly limit your ability to do basic activities like walking, lifting, remembering, or concentrating.
3. Does your condition meet or equal a listed impairment?
   If your condition is on the SSA’s list or is as severe as one that is, you may automatically qualify.
4. Can you do your past work?
   The SSA will check if you're still able to perform the job(s) you’ve done in the past 15 years.
5. Can you do any other work?
   If you can't do past work, they’ll see if you can adjust to any other work based on your age, education, and limitations.

Medical Evidence Is Key

To prove you qualify for SSI disability benefits, you’ll need strong medical documentation:

• Medical records from doctors, hospitals, clinics
• Test results (X-rays, MRIs, blood tests, etc.)
• Treatment history and compliance with prescribed care
• Statements from healthcare providers outlining your limitations
• Psychological evaluations, if applicable

The more detailed your evidence, the better your chances of getting approved.